The net area sown is
nearly 142 M ha, of which only 51 percent is irrigated, while the gross cropped
area is approximately 189 M ha. There are about 106 million operational
holdings with an average size of 1.57 ha. About 78 percent of the holdings are
less than 2 ha, belonging to small and marginal farmers, and cover 32 percent
of the total cultivated area. 44.6 M ha in rice, of the total rice area, only
51 percent is irrigated, so 49 percent is rainfed.
Rice :: Area, production and productivity in India
Rice versus total grain production in India
India :: rice production from 1980 -2006
India :: fertilizer use in rice production from 1980 -2006
In
parallel developments, by the early 1990s the widespread planting of the
semidwarf HYVs and hybrid rices in densely planted areas of Asia amounted to
about 72 million hectares. These HYVs share a common semidwarf gene (sd1) and
largely the same cytoplasm (either from "China" in older HYVs or
"Wild Abortive" in the hybrids). This poses a serious threat of
production losses due to a much narrowed genetic base if wide-ranging pest
epidemics should break out, as was the case with hybrid maize in the United
States during 1970—1 (Chang 1984).
(Green revolution) Since the early 1970s, poorly educated
rice farmers in South and Southeast Asia have planted the same HYV in
successive crop seasons and have staggered plantings across two crops. Such a
biologically unsound practice has led to the emergence of new and more virulent
biotypes of insect pests and disease pathogens that have overcome the
resistance genes in the newly bred and widely grown HYVs. The result has been
heavy crop losses in several tropical countries in a cyclic pattern (Chang and
Li 1991; Chang 1994).
West
Bengal(15.5%), was the largest rice producer followed by Uttar Pradesh(13.5%),
Andhra Pradesh(13.3%), Punjab(9.2%), Tamil Nadu(9.6%), Bhir(7.7%), Orissa(6.3%)
and Madhya Pardesh (6.2%)
Rice –INDIA -2000
India produces 22.40 % of the world rice second to China 31.76% during 2000
Rice is the single most important food grain; it occupies 36% of the gross cropped area and accounts for 42% of the total food-grain production in India during 2000-01. More than 50 percent of country’s population depends fully or partially on rice as it constitutes the main cereal food crop of the diet. During 1999-2000, in the states like Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, rice consumption accounted for more than 80 percent share in total cereal intake.
Along the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. For
millions rice is the chief dish, if not the only dish, at every meal. Rice
originated in a tropical, very rainy, marshy country. Today there are more than
2400 varieties including about 1000 in India alone -- special strains adapted
to local differences in soil, temperature and rainfall.
The eastern Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Assam, West Bengal, and Orissa are the major rice-growing areas,
accounting for about half of the total rice production in the country. Much of
this production is carried out under rain fed conditions. It is estimated that about 10 percent of foodgrains produced
in India, are lost in processing and storage. It has been reported that about 9
percent of paddy is lost due to use of old and outdated methods of drying and
milling, improper and unscientific methods of storage, transport and handling.
It has been estimated that total post harvest losses of paddy at producers’
level was about 2.71 percent of total production.
With
rising costs in labor, chemicals, fuel, and water, the farmers in irrigated
areas will be squeezed between production costs and market price. The latter,
dictated by government pricing policy in most countries, remains lower than the
real rice price (David 1991). Meanwhile, urbanization and industrialization
will continue to deprive the shrinking farming communities of skilled workers,
especially young men. Such changes in rice-farming communities will have
serious and widespread socioeconomic implications.
Rice :: Export from India
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4DlMErwwDPpP4JdDveGhgsK-jKUExriMhkDS-zqI3moIJiB3OiC7z5ItHPumgRIbfp2V3SnEejB2MV-8uuKEqiXg3ETD1vOFI0DueUuVGz5bIcXzECy6K1Ko6ACk_8O5eNMUdQqjFCP1/s640/rice+export2.png)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguYqYPtx4O5c7TENvd6AO3GPkUz7o2CZurD5-pl8hXO6m0pFbypv-FFAPLWgMwMQTACtLQCJYTTMvmff4TyCw7cb9EksH97g_rpZNudnAwP4lGitldi0nsUDipMdXjzP8Vg1nDOUZAtXXd/s640/rice+export1.png)
In early 2008, India imposed export bans on non-basmati rice or
restrictions to protect the domestic consumers.
No comments:
Post a Comment